<p>Similarly, one of the two main schools of thought in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreanism</a>&nbsp;was known as the&nbsp;<em>mathēmatikoi</em>&nbsp;(&mu;&alpha;&theta;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ί)&mdash;which at the time meant &quot;learners&quot; rather than &quot;mathematicians&quot; in the modern sense. The Pythagoreans were likely the first to constrain the use of the word to just the study of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic">arithmetic</a>&nbsp;and geometry. By the time of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle">Aristotle</a>&nbsp;(384&ndash;322&nbsp;BC) this meaning was fully established.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics#cite_note-17">[15]</a></p>

<p>In Latin, and in English until around 1700, the term&nbsp;<em>mathematics</em>&nbsp;more commonly meant &quot;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology">astrology</a>&quot; (or sometimes &quot;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy">astronomy</a>&quot;) rather than &quot;mathematics&quot;; the meaning gradually changed to its present one from about 1500 to 1800. This change has resulted in several mistranslations: For example,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Augustine">Saint Augustine</a>&#39;s warning that Christians should beware of&nbsp;<em>mathematici</em>, meaning &quot;astrologers&quot;, is sometimes mistranslated as a condemnation of mathematicians.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics#cite_note-Boas-18">[16]</a></p>